{"id":7347,"date":"2024-09-03T19:29:20","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T17:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fth.es\/servicios-de-investigacion\/investigacion-preclinica\/"},"modified":"2025-08-18T22:43:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T20:43:05","slug":"investigacion-preclinica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fth.es\/en\/servicios-de-investigacion\/investigacion-preclinica\/","title":{"rendered":"investigaci\u00f3n precl\u00ednica"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1><span>Pre-clinical research<\/span><\/h1>\n<div>\n<p>Learn about the history of the THF research group<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>We promote pre-clinical research to innovate in therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and complex neurobiological processes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Pre-clinical research<\/h3>\n<p>In our own laboratories and those of the GENN network, we conduct research focused on Alzheimer\u2019s disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemic processes, and neuropathic pain. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We offer a wide range of techniques and methodologies derived from our research activities, available for external services and collaborations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Development of new entities<\/h3>\n<p>We have access to regulatory pre-clinical development studies for new chemical entities with pharmacotherapeutic potential.<\/p>\n<p>We conduct toxicological and pharmacokinetic experiments under strict Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) guidelines, ensuring high standards of quality and safety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Latest publications<\/h2>\n<h1>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Therapies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis<\/b><\/h5>\n<\/h1>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hallmarks.png\" class=\"lazyload\" alt=\"Investigaci\u00f3n Precl\u00ednica - Terapias para ELA\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hallmarks.png\" alt=\"Investigaci\u00f3n Precl\u00ednica - Terapias para ELA\"><\/noscript><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Torres-Rico, M.; Mar\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, B.; Arasmou-Idrovo, M. S.; Garc\u00eda A. G.; Pascual-Guerra J. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11940-025-00835-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Drug Combination to Slow Down the Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis<\/strong><\/a>. <em>Curr Treat Options Neurol<\/em> 27, 24 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-025-00835-9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Repositioning of medicines and neurological diseases<\/b><\/h5>\n<\/h1>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/cells-14-00533-ag.png\" class=\"lazyload\" alt=\"Investigaci\u00f3n Precl\u00ednica - Reposicionamiento de f\u00e1rmacos\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/cells-14-00533-ag.png\" alt=\"Investigaci\u00f3n Precl\u00ednica - Reposicionamiento de f\u00e1rmacos\"><\/noscript><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Pascual-Guerra, J., Torres-Rico, M., Mar\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, B., Arasmou-Idrovo, M.S., Garc\u00eda, A.G., Rodr\u00edguez-Navarro, J.A. &amp; Pa\u00edno, C.L. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/14\/7\/533\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Repurposed Drugs to Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Derived from Adult Rat Adipose Tissue<\/strong><\/a>. <em>Cells<\/em> 2025, 14, 533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14070533<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\n<h2>Learn about our history of research lines and techniques:<\/h2>\n<\/h1>\n<hr>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3>1. Repositioning of medicines in the context of neuroprotection in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>2. Voltage-operated calcium channels and exocytosis<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>3. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological studies of new chemical entities with cardiovascular implications<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>4. Characterization of receptors for neurotransmitters<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>5. Study of the mechanism of action of a new medicine compared with another reference medicine<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>6. Cell death and pharmacological protection<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>7. Cerebral ischemia and infarction: neuroprotective activity through combination of medicines<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>8. The conjecture of neuroprotective synergy through combination of medicines, a reality<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>9. Search for new targets with neuroprotective potential<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>10. Design and synthesis of new chemical entities with neuroprotective potential<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>11. Neurotoxicity of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>12. Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>13. Transgenic mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>14. Transgenic mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: effects of chronic treatment with a blocker of purinergic P2X7 receptor<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>15. Retinal degeneration and pharmacological retinoprotection<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>16. Neuropathic pain: a surprising and novel medicine discovered and researched at the THF<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>17. The SHR rat, a model of genetic hypertension: the anti-oxidant resveratrol prevents the development of hypertension<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>18. Pharmacology of vascular smooth muscle: mitochondrial alterations in the SHR<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>19. A challenging hypothesis about a triad of pharmacological targets that regulate calcium signals and exocytosis.<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>Location:<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Fundaci\u00f3n Te\u00f3filo Hernando (FTH)<br \/>Edificio Las Rozas 23, planta S, Oficina 1<br \/>Ctra. de La Coru\u00f1a, km 23,200<br \/>28290 Las Rozas de Madrid, Madrid, Spain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr>\n<div><span>Clinic and teaching accredited by:<\/span><\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/iso9001_bureauveritas_blanco-negro.svg\" class=\"lazyload\" alt=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/iso9001_bureauveritas_blanco-negro.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/noscript><\/p>\n<div>Contact:<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:info@ifth.es\">info@ifth.es<\/a><br \/>(+34) 911 923 700<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a 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href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1NT0FjGzbX0rFydRt1zZ9CfKByDAEHmUA\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Certificate<\/a><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"##\"><\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p><\/a><\/div>\n<hr>\n<div><a href=\"##\"><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/app.sesametime.com\/complaint\/f21cb048-3c89-4051-b6f6-d197e2579831\/company?sesameRegion=EU2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Internal Information Channel<\/u><\/a><\/a><\/div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Means of reporting irregular or illicit conduct to the Foundation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<!-- {\"type\":\"layout\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"height\":\"pixels\",\"height_viewport\":500,\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/laboratorio-preclinica-1.jpg\",\"image_effect\":\"parallax\",\"image_parallax_bgy\":\"240 82%\",\"image_position\":\"top-center\",\"media_focal_point\":\"bottom-left\",\"media_overlay\":\"rgba(2, 2, 2, 0.49)\",\"padding\":\"large\",\"padding_remove_horizontal\":true,\"padding_remove_top\":true,\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"xlarge\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"<span>Pre-clinical research<\\\/span>\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_color\":\"muted\",\"title_element\":\"h1\",\"title_style\":\"h1\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Learn about the history of the THF research group<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"text_color\":\"muted\",\"text_style\":\"large\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><span>We promote pre-clinical research to innovate in therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and complex neurobiological processes.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_color\":\"muted\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}],\"props\":{\"margin\":\"remove-vertical\"}}],\"name\":\"Header laboratorio\"},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding_remove_top\":false,\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<h3>Pre-clinical research<\\\/h3>\\n\n\n<p>In our own laboratories and those of the GENN network, we conduct research focused on Alzheimer\\u2019s disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemic processes, and neuropathic pain. \\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>We offer a wide range of techniques and methodologies derived from our research activities, available for external services and 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(CV)<\\\/strong>\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drive.google.com\\\/file\\\/d\\\/19Y5AnML8_CieRV74h5JO4qH_LbM1liaF\\\/view?usp=drive_link\",\"link_target\":true}},{\"type\":\"list_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\\ud83d\\udd17 <strong>Borja Mar\\u00edn Rodr\\u00edguez (CV)<\\\/strong>\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drive.google.com\\\/file\\\/d\\\/1Pot-tXGwx_05P-ekhV4dOjFDkVk3-FT5\\\/view?usp=sharing\",\"link_target\":true}},{\"type\":\"list_item\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"<span>\\ud83d\\udd17 <\\\/span><strong>Miriam Arasmou Idrovo (CV)<\\\/strong>\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/drive.google.com\\\/file\\\/d\\\/13n_7I8uP_EnncE5p510VUxcOmQqCH5V3\\\/view?usp=drive_link\",\"link_target\":true}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"padding_remove_top\":false,\"style\":\"muted\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"Latest publications\",\"margin_remove_bottom\":false,\"margin_remove_top\":false,\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"h2\",\"title_style\":\"h2\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><b>Therapies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis<\\\/b><\\\/h5>\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/Hallmarks.png\",\"image_alt\":\"Investigaci\\u00f3n Precl\\u00ednica - Terapias para ELA\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Torres-Rico, M.; Mar\\u00edn-Rodr\\u00edguez, B.; Arasmou-Idrovo, M. S.; Garc\\u00eda A. G.; Pascual-Guerra J. <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/link.springer.com\\\/article\\\/10.1007\\\/s11940-025-00835-9\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><strong>Drug Combination to Slow Down the Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis<\\\/strong><\\\/a>. <em>Curr Treat Options Neurol<\\\/em> 27, 24 (2025). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.1007\\\/s11940-025-00835-9<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><b>Repositioning of medicines and neurological diseases<\\\/b><\\\/h5>\",\"title_element\":\"h1\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/cells-14-00533-ag.png\",\"image_alt\":\"Investigaci\\u00f3n Precl\\u00ednica - Reposicionamiento de f\\u00e1rmacos\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Pascual-Guerra, J., Torres-Rico, M., Mar\\u00edn-Rodr\\u00edguez, B., Arasmou-Idrovo, M.S., Garc\\u00eda, A.G., Rodr\\u00edguez-Navarro, J.A. &amp; Pa\\u00edno, C.L. <a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mdpi.com\\\/2073-4409\\\/14\\\/7\\\/533\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><strong>Repurposed Drugs to Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Derived from Adult Rat Adipose Tissue<\\\/strong><\\\/a>. <em>Cells<\\\/em> 2025, 14, 533. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.3390\\\/cells14070533<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"style\":\"default\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"middle\",\"width\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h2>Learn about our history of research lines and 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Cell Calcium. 2024;102928.<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>This activity is carried out in the Foundation\\u2019s laboratories, using pharmacological screening techniques in cell line cultures, based on a chemical library of medicines in clinical use, as shown in the following article:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/unnamed-3-43fea99c.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><strong>Figure:<\\\/strong> Graphic representation of the medicine triad hypothesis to mitigate calcium influx via Cav1, Orai1 and P2X7. This strategy seeks to combat neuroinflammation, thus promoting neuroprotection and delaying progression of neurodegenerative diseases to more advanced stages.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"2. 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Voltage-operated calcium channels and exocytosis<\\\/a>\",\"link\":\"#\",\"link_target\":true,\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>The combination of isotopic techniques with other neurochemical monitoring techniques for neurotransmitter release led to the first demonstration that a high-threshold calcium channel, called L (Cav1), tightly regulated catecholamine release induced by depolarizing stimuli, as shown in the following article:\\u00a0<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.nature.com\\\/articles\\\/309069a0\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Garc\\u00eda AG, Sala F, Reig JA, Viniegra S, Frias J, Fonteriz R, Gand\\u00eda L. <strong>Dihydropyridine Bay-K-8644 activates chromaffin cell calcium channels<\\\/strong>. Nature. 1984;308:69-71.<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Later, patch-clamp electrophysiological techniques were introduced, leading to the identification and characterization of several calcium channel subtypes, and their regulatory role in the neurosecretory process, as shown in the following article::<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.1152\\\/physrev.00039.2005\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">Garc\\u00eda, A. G., Garc\\u00eda-De-Diego, A. M., Gand\\u00eda, L., Borges, R., &amp; Garc\\u00eda-Sancho, J. (2006). <\\\/span><b>Calcium Signaling and Exocytosis in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells<\\\/b><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">. <\\\/span><i><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">Physiological Reviews, 86<\\\/span><\\\/i><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">(4), 1093-1131.<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"}},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"}}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"3. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological studies of new chemical entities with cardiovascular implications\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"3. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological studies of new chemical entities with cardiovascular implications\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pubs.acs.org\\\/doi\\\/10.1021\\\/jm00091a008\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>With the collaboration of Alter Laboratories and the Autonomous University of Madrid, a series of dihydropyridine derivatives with cardiovascular activity were designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically characterized in various isolated organ preparations (mainly arteries and heart). After the intellectual property protection of the findings, several articles were published, the most notable of which is the following:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubs.acs.org\\\/doi\\\/10.1021\\\/jm00091a008\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Sunkel CE, Fau de Casa-Juana M, Santos L, Garc\\u00eda AG, Artalejo CR, Villarroya M, Gonz\\u00e1lez-Morales MA, L\\u00f3pez MG, Cillero J, Alonso S, et al. <strong>Synthesis of 3-[(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trioxo-1,2-benzisothiazol-2-yl) alkyl] 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivatives as calcium channel modulators<\\\/strong>. J Med Chem. 1992 Jun 26;35(13):2407-14. doi: 10.1021\\\/jm00091a008. PMID: 1377748.<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-07-31-114310.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Compound 22 exhibited a pronounced activating effect on the L-type calcium channels (Cav1). See its chemical structure in comparison with other L-channel agonists.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"4. Characterization of receptors for neurotransmitters\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"4. Characterization of receptors for neurotransmitters\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/molpharm.aspetjournals.org\\\/content\\\/47\\\/1\\\/40\",\"link_target\":true,\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>At the THF, we have frequently applied radioligand binding techniques to membranes and cells. The objective was the characterization of a specific receptor for a neurotransmitter. To do this, we used agonists and antagonists specific to that receptor, radiolabelled with tritium or carbon-14.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>In the following article, the expression of D2 dopaminergic receptors (but not D1) in bovine chromaffin cells was characterized.\\n<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/molpharm.aspetjournals.org\\\/content\\\/47\\\/1\\\/40\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Maroto R, Lopez MG, Del Valle M, Naranjo JR, Mellstrom B, Garc\\u00eda AG. <strong>Expression of the bovine striatal D2 receptor but not of the D1 receptor in bovine adrenal medulla<\\\/strong>. Mol Pharmacol. 1995;47:40-50 | DOI: 10.1124\\\/mol.47.1.40<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-08-06-124645.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: This figure shows a graph from the article in question, showing the saturation, with increasing concentrations, of a radioactive ligand for dopaminergic receptors in the striatal membranes of a rat.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"5. Study of the mechanism of action of a new medicine compared with another reference medicine\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"5. Study of the mechanism of action of a new medicine compared with another reference medicine\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\\\/doi\\\/epdf\\\/10.1111\\\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13236.x\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>The Ferrer International Laboratory was developing a new anti-migraine medicine and wanted to understand its mechanism of action, which was elucidated by the THF. The medicine showed multi-calcium channel- blocking properties, of the flunarizine type.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>The following article describes the pharmacological profile of this medicine, dotarizine, compared with the reference medicine, flunarizine.\\u00a0<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\\\/doi\\\/epdf\\\/10.1111\\\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13236.x\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Villarroya M, Gandia L, Lara B, Albillos A, Lopez MG, Garc\\u00eda AG. Dotarizine versus flunarizine as calcium antagonists in chromaffin cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1995;144:369-376 | DOI: 10.1111\\\/j.1476-5381.1995.tb13236.x<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-08-06-125620.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Effects of dotarizine (10 \\u00b5M) on cytosolic calcium elevations induced by K\\u207a in chromaffin cells..<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"6. Cell death and pharmacological protection\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"6. Cell death and pharmacological protection\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.jbc.org\\\/article\\\/S0021-9258(20)60031-X\\\/fulltext\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Over the past two decades, we have extensively studied the mechanisms involved in apoptotic cell death, as well as the cytoprotection induced by medicines which act on the signalling pathways that lead to the said cell death.\\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>An example of cell death induced by calcium overload entering the cell via L-type calcium channels (Cav1), and of the cytoprotection induced by Cav1 channel blockers, is documented in the following article:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.jbc.org\\\/article\\\/S0021-9258(20)60031-X\\\/fulltext\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Cano-Abad MF, Villarroya M, Garc\\u00eda AG, Gabilan NH, Lopez MG.<strong> Calcium entry through L-type calcium channels causes mitochondrial disruption and chromaffin cell death. J Biol Chem<\\\/strong>. 2001;276:39695-39704 | DOI: 10.1074\\\/jbc.M104234200<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-08-06-125937.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Cell death induced by excessive calcium influx via L-type calcium channels (Cav1). Nimodipine provides complete cytoprotection.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"7. Cerebral ischemia and infarction: neuroprotective activity through combination of medicines\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"7. Cerebral ischemia and infarction: neuroprotective activity through combination of medicines\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ibroneuroscience.org\\\/article\\\/S0306-4522(02)00912-0\\\/abstract\",\"link_target\":true,\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>At the THH, we have been accumulating experience studying various animal models of diseases, at both central and peripherical levels. \\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Here is a study of cerebral infarction caused by focal cerebral ischemia, and of reduction of infarction by combining citicoline and nimodipine:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ibroneuroscience.org\\\/article\\\/S0306-4522(02)00912-0\\\/abstract\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">Sobrado M, Lopez MG, Carceller F, Garc\\u00eda AG, Roda JM. <\\\/span><b>Combined nimodipine and citicoline reduced infarct size, attenuate apoptosis and increase bel-2 expression after focal cerebral ischemia<\\\/b><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">. Neuroscience. 2003;118:107-113 | DOI: 10.1016\\\/S0306-4522(02)00842-0<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.25.45.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Apoptotic neurons with their fragmented nuclei<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.25.54.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: The combination of citicoline and nimodipine produces a greater reduction in volume of the cerebral infarct than that produced when each medicine is administered separately.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.26.00.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Only the combination of citicoline and nimodipine reduced the number of apoptotic neurons, identified using the tunnel technique.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"8. The conjecture of neuroprotective synergy through combination of medicines, a reality\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"\n\n<h4>8. The conjecture of neuroprotective synergy through combination of medicines, a reality<\\\/h4>\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/20536682\\\/\",\"link_target\":true,\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>At the THF, the conjecture that medicine combinations show greater efficacy (additivity and synergy) in the rescuing of vulnerable neurons from death in stroke, nervous system trauma, and the various neurodegenerative diseases, has been extensively researched.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>The following article experimentally demonstrates this challenging hypothesis: <\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/20536682\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Romero A, Egea J, Garc\\u00eda AG, Lopez MG. S<strong>ynergistic neuroprotective effect of combined concentrations of galantamine and melatonin against oxidative stress in SH-SYSY neuroblastoma cells<\\\/strong>. J Pineal Res. 2010;49:141-148 | DOI: 10.1111\\\/j.1600-079X.2010.00781.x<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.30.33.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Administered separately, galantamine (G) and melatonin (M), at low concentrations, do not rescue vulnerable neurons subjected to an environment of oxidative stress. However, the combination of these two medicines at low doses did have a significant neuroprotective effect. The highest concentrations of the medicines administered individually clearly had a neuroprotective effect. The experiment demonstrated that the combination of threshold doses of medicines exerts synergistic neuroprotection, with a lower potential for adverse effects.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"9. Search for new targets with neuroprotective potential\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"9. Search for new targets with neuroprotective potential\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.sciencedirect.com\\\/science\\\/article\\\/abs\\\/pii\\\/S0006291X10015147?via%3Dihub\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p dir=\\\"ltr\\\" style=\\\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\\\">In the area of pharmacological neuroprotection \\u2014 one of the most intensely explored at the THF \\u2014 of great importance has been the search for new targets and for medicines targeting them; both in the repositioning programme and in programmes for the design and synthesis of new chemical entities.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p dir=\\\"ltr\\\" style=\\\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\\\">The following article is paradigmatic of this strategy:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.sciencedirect.com\\\/science\\\/article\\\/abs\\\/pii\\\/S0006291X10015147?via%3Dihub\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Nicolau SM, Egea J, Lopez MG, Garc\\u00eda AG. <strong>Mitochondrial Na*\\\/Ca exchanger, a new target for neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices<\\\/strong>. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;400:140-144 | DOI: 10.1016\\\/j.bbrc.2010.08.028<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.35.23.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Neuronal death produced by incubating slices of rat hippocampus with increasing concentrations of veratridine (rhodium and calcium overload).<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.36.51.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Neuroprotection produced by increasing concentrations of the compound CGP37157\\u2014 a blocker of the mitochondrial NA+\\\/Ca2+\\\/Li+ exchanger \\u2014 in hippocampal slices incubated with veratridine.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"10. Design and synthesis of new chemical entities with neuroprotective potential\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"10. Design and synthesis of new chemical entities with neuroprotective potential\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/?term=Garc%C3%ADa+AG&cauthor_id=33560845\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>In collaboration with medical chemists from several universities and the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC: Consejo Superior de Investigacones Cient\\u00edficas), we are developing the area for the computational design and synthesis of new chemical entities with neuroprotective potential. This strategy complements the THF\\u2019s programme about the repositioning of medicines with neuroprotective potential. \\u00a0<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>In recent decades, numerous joint patents have been drafted and registered, and several articles have been published about this topic. The following is an example of this line of research:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/?term=Garc%C3%ADa+AG&amp;cauthor_id=33560845\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Calzaferri F, Narros-Fern\\u00e1ndez P, de Pascual R, de Diego AMG, Nicke A, Egea J, Garc\\u00eda AG, de Los R\\u00edos C. <strong>Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Non-nucleotide Purine Derivatives as P2X7 Antagonists for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation<\\\/strong>. J Med Chem. 202, Feb 25;64(4):2272-2290<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"11. Neurotoxicity of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"11. Neurotoxicity of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.sciencedirect.com\\\/science\\\/article\\\/abs\\\/pii\\\/S0006899311017288\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>This hybrid laboratory-clinical study is a curious example of ALS and its possible mechanism of propagation. It was conducted in collaboration with the Hospital Cl\\u00ednico San Carlos in Madrid. One of the published articles is the following:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.sciencedirect.com\\\/science\\\/article\\\/abs\\\/pii\\\/S0006899311017288\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Ya\\u00f1ez M, Gal\\u00e1n L, Matias-Guiu J, Vela A, Guerrero A, Garc\\u00eda AG. CSF from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients produces glutamate independent death of rat motor brain cortical neurons: Protection by resveratrol but not riluzole. Brain Res. 2011;1423:77-86 | DOI: 10.1016\\\/j.brainres.2011.09.025<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.40.08.png\",\"image_height\":500,\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Neuronal viability measured by MTT assay after incubation with ALS\\\/CSF alone or co-incubated with riluzole (Ril) 10 \\u03bcM, resveratrol (Resv) 300 nM, and the two together, in primary cultures of motor neurons of the cerebral cortex of a rat. Note the neuroprotection induced by the anti-oxidant resveratrol, and riluzole\\u2019s paradoxical antagonism towards resveratrol\\u2019s neuroprotective effect.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}],\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"12. Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\\u2019s disease\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"12. Transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\\u2019s disease\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/23123627\\\/\",\"link_target\":true,\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>At the THF, we have worked and continue to work with transgenic mice as models of neurodegenerative diseases. In the APP\\\/PS1 Alzheimer\\u2019s model \\u2014 the model that concerns us here \\u2014 we investigated the alterations in exocytosis with implications for the synaptic failure at the neuronal level that occurs in this disease, as shown in the figure in this article:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/23123627\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">De Diego AMG, Lorrio S, Calvo-Gallardo E, Garc\\u00eda AG. <strong>Smaller quantal size and faster kinetics of single exocytotic events in chromaffin cells from the APP\\\/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease<\\\/strong>. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;428:482-486 | DOI: 10.1016\\\/j.bbrc.2012.10.082<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-19.44.42.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Immunohistochemical staining for mutated huntingtin (Htt) in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla of R6\\\/1 mice in pre-disease stages (2 months of age, 2m) before the appearance of phenotypic motor alterations.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"13. Transgenic mouse model of Huntington\\u2019s disease\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"13. Transgenic mouse model of Huntington\\u2019s disease\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\\\/doi\\\/epdf\\\/10.1111\\\/jnc.14585\",\"link_target\":true,\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>This mouse model carries the mutation that defines Huntington\\u2019s disease, with alterations in exocytosis and muscle activity. Several of these parameters were studied in the following article:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\\\/doi\\\/epdf\\\/10.1111\\\/jnc.14585\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Mart\\u00ednez-Ram\\u00edrez C, Baraibar A, Nanclares C, M\\u00e9ndez-L\\u00f3pez I, G\\u00f3mez A, Mu\\u00f1oz MP, De Diego AMG, Gand\\u00eda L, <strong>Casarejos MJ, Garc\\u00eda AG. Altered excitability and exocytosis in chromaffin cells from the R6\\\/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease is linked to overexpression of mutated huntingtin<\\\/strong>. J Neurochem. 2018;147:454-476 | DOI: 10.1111\\\/jnc.14585<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-08-06-132225.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figura: Tinci\\u00f3n inmunohistoqu\\u00edmica para huntingtina mutada (Htt) en c\\u00e9lulas cromafines de la m\\u00e9dula adrenal de ratones R6\\\/1 en etapas pre-enfermedad (2 meses de edad, 2m) antes de que aparezcan alteraciones motoras fenot\\u00edpicas.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"14. Transgenic mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: effects of chronic treatment with a blocker of purinergic P2X7 receptor\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"14. Transgenic mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: effects of chronic treatment with a blocker of purinergic P2X7 receptor\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journals.biologists.com\\\/dmm\\\/article\\\/13\\\/10\\\/dmm045732\\\/225775\\\/Chronic-administration-of-P2X7-receptor-antagonist\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>The SOD1\\\/G93A transgenic mouse model faithfully reproduces human ALS. The following article presents a study of the effects of chronic administration of a blocker of the P2X7 receptor in the course of the symptomatology and pathogenesis of the disease:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/journals.biologists.com\\\/dmm\\\/article\\\/13\\\/10\\\/dmm045732\\\/225775\\\/Chronic-administration-of-P2X7-receptor-antagonist\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Ruiz-Ruiz C, Garcia-Magro N, Negredo P, Avendano C, <strong>Bhattacharya A, Ceusters M, Garc\\u00eda AG. Chronic administration of P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 delays disease onset and progression, and improves motor performance in ALS SOD193A female mice<\\\/strong>. Dis Model Mech. 2020;dmm045732 | DOI: 10.1242\\\/dmm.045732<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Screenshot-2024-11-22-at-20.00.11.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Disease onset in SOD1G93A mice with ALS treated intraperitoneal (IP) route, 4 times per week with vehicle (orange) or 30 mg\\\/kg JNJ-47965567 (green). (C) Probability of onset in the female subgroup. Analysis performed with Cox regression, considering age at first injection as a co-variate. Differences significant at P<0.05.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"15. Retinal degeneration and pharmacological retinoprotection\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"15. Retinal degeneration and pharmacological retinoprotection\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mdpi.com\\\/1422-0067\\\/23\\\/23\\\/14758\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>The rd10 mouse is a good model of inherited retinal dystrophy leading to blindness. In this model, we are studying the potential neuroprotective effect of medicines related to the P2X7 receptor and calcium channels. An example of the type of studies being conducted in collaboration with the University of Alicante is shown below..<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mdpi.com\\\/1422-0067\\\/23\\\/23\\\/14758#\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Mart\\u00ednez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Noailles A, Fern\\u00e1ndez-S\\u00e1nchez L, Vidal L, S\\u00e1nchez-S\\u00e1ez X, S\\u00e1nchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N, Garc\\u00eda AG, Maneu V. <strong>Purinergic Receptors P2X7 and P2X4 as Markers of Disease Progression in the rd10 Mouse Model of Inherited Retinal Dystrophy<\\\/strong>. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:14758 | DOI: 10.3390\\\/ijms232314758<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/ijms-23-14758-g003-scaled.jpg\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: P2X7R expression in mouse retinas analysed by immunohistochemistry. Cross-sections of retinas from a representative C57BL\\\/6J mouse (A,D,G) and rd10 mice at early (B,E,H) and late (C,F,I) stages, stained with antibodies against P2X7R (A\\u2013C,G\\u2013I). The nuclei were stained with TO-PRO (D\\u2013F). In C57BL\\\/6J mice, P2X7R-immunopositive fluorescence is localised primarily in the INL and GCL. Scale bar: 50 \\u00b5m.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"tab_link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.jpain.org\\\/article\\\/S1526-5900(22)00381-9\\\/fulltext\",\"title\":\"16. Neuropathic pain: a surprising and novel medicine discovered and researched at the THF\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"16. Neuropathic pain: a surprising and novel medicine discovered and researched at the THF\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>In collaboration with the pharmaceutical company Bioib\\u00e9rica, the University of Granada, the University of Castilla-La Mancha, and the Autonomous University of Madrid, the THF catalysed the study of a new Bioib\\u00e9rica molecule, BIS014, which surprisingly proved to be highly effective against neuropathic pain in several mouse models (sciatic nerve ligation, diabetic neuropathy, and cancer chemotherapy), as detailed in the following article:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.jpain.org\\\/article\\\/S1526-5900(22)00381-9\\\/fulltext\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Pad\\u00edn, J. F., Maroto, M., Entrena, J. M., Egea, J., Montell, E., Verg\\u00e9s, J., L\\u00f3pez, M. G., Cobos, E. J., &amp; Garc\\u00eda, A. G. (2023). <strong>Small Synthetic Hyaluronan Disaccharide BIS014 Mitigates Neuropathic Pain in Mice<\\\/strong>. Journal of Pain, 24(1), 68-83. DOI: 10.1016\\\/j.jpain.2022.07.014<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>BIS014 is protected by several international patents, including those in the United States and Europe, in the drafting of which the THF participated.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>The figure shows the comparative efficacy of the compound BIS014 with the standard reference gabapentin in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-2,1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-07-31-113717.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-2\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Figure: Anti-allodynic effects of BIS014 in neuropathic pain induced by the anti-cancer chemotherapy medicine paclitaxel.<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"17. The SHR rat, a model of genetic hypertension: the anti-oxidant resveratrol prevents the development of hypertension\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"17. The SHR rat, a model of genetic hypertension: the anti-oxidant resveratrol prevents the development of hypertension\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/33075487\\\/\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>The genetic model of arterial hypertension in the SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat) imitates human arterial hypertension, so it has been widely used in the search for new anti-hypertensive medicines, as well as in the study of the mechanism of action of already known anti-hypertensive medications. In the THF, this model has been used in several studies. One of these, a very interesting one, relates to the ability of the anti-oxidant resveratrol to prevent the development of hypertension, when administered chronically in the drinking water of SHR from an early age. The study is presented in the following article:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/unnamed.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Bomfim GHS, Musial DC, M\\u00e9ndez-L\\u00f3pez I, Jurkiewicz A, Jurkiewicz NH, Pad\\u00edn JF, Garc\\u00eda AG. <strong>Chronic resveratrol consumption prevents hypertension development altering electrophysiological currents and Ca2+ signaling in chromaffin cells from SHR rats<\\\/strong>. Cell Signal. 2020 Dec:76:109811.<br \\\/><br \\\/>https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/33075487\\\/<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"18. Pharmacology of vascular smooth muscle: mitochondrial alterations in the SHR\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"18. Pharmacology of vascular smooth muscle: mitochondrial alterations in the SHR\",\"link\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/28403042\\\/\",\"title_color\":\"primary\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>This study addressed the alterations in calcium homeostasis, mitochondria, and vascular concentration that occur with the development of a chronic hypertensive state in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR):<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/unnamed2.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]},{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"2-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\\/28403042\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">M\\u00e9ndez-L\\u00f3pez I, Bomfim GHS, Musial DC, Arranz-Tagarro JA, Velasco-Mart\\u00edn JP, Regadera J, Jurkiewicz NH, Jurkiewicz A, Garc\\u00eda AG, Pad\\u00edn JF. <strong>Altered mitochondrial function, capacitative calcium entry and contractions in the aorta of hypertensive rats<\\\/strong>. J Hypertens. 2017 Aug;35(8):1594-1608.<\\\/a><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"fs_switcher_item\",\"props\":{\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_1_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_2_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_3_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_4_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_5_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_bottom\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_image_margin_top\":\"uk-margin-small\",\"grid_6_custom_item_column_gap\":\"small\",\"show_custom_fieldsets\":\"1\",\"show_custom_settings\":\"all\",\"title\":\"19. A challenging hypothesis about a triad of pharmacological targets that regulate calcium signals and exocytosis.\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"props\":{\"margin\":\"default\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"content\":\"19. A challenging hypothesis about a triad of pharmacological targets that regulate calcium signals and exocytosis.\",\"title_element\":\"h4\",\"title_style\":\"h4\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>This article was prepared in collaboration with scientists from the University of La Laguna and the University of Valladolid.<\\\/p>\\n\n\n<p>Several joint publications by scientists from the University of Valladolid, the Autonomous University of Madrid, and the THF led to the functional triad hypothesis: calcium channels, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria collaborate efficiently in the generation and regulation of calcium signals that trigger exocytosis, as shown in the following figure:<\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"props\":{\"image\":\"wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/11\\\/Captura-de-pantalla-2024-07-31-112849.png\",\"image_svg_color\":\"emphasis\",\"margin\":\"default\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p><span style=\\\"font-weight: 400;\\\">Figure: Functional triads responsible for the generation of high local Ca2+ transients and catecholamine secretion in chromaffin cells: regulatory role of voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs), endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria..<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\"}}]}]}]}]}]}]}]}]},{\"name\":\"fthFooterEng25\",\"type\":\"section\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"image_size\":\"cover\",\"padding\":\"small\",\"padding_remove_bottom\":false,\"padding_remove_top\":false,\"style\":\"secondary\",\"title_breakpoint\":\"xl\",\"title_position\":\"top-left\",\"title_rotation\":\"left\",\"vertical_align\":\"\",\"width\":\"large\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"row\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\"}}]},{\"type\":\"row\",\"props\":{\"layout\":\"1-3,1-3,1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"column\",\"props\":{\"image_position\":\"center-center\",\"position_sticky_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"width_medium\":\"1-3\"},\"children\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"Location:\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p>Fundaci\\u00f3n 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cookies<\\\/u><\\\/a>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"\\\/politica-de-privacidad\\\/\\\"><u>Policy on privacy<\\\/u><\\\/a>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"\\\/textos-legales\\\/aviso-legal\\\/\\\"><u>Legal notice and general conditions<\\\/u><\\\/a>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/fth.es\\\/acerca-de\\\/politica-de-calidad\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><u>Policy on quality<\\\/u><\\\/a>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/drive.google.com\\\/file\\\/d\\\/1kLgNsIrlnJegvvg1xYszaUSDAVRavhwk\\\/view\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><u>Policy on security<\\\/u><\\\/a>\\u00a0| <span style=\\\"text-decoration: underline;\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/drive.google.com\\\/file\\\/d\\\/1NT0FjGzbX0rFydRt1zZ9CfKByDAEHmUA\\\/view?usp=sharing\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Certificate<\\\/a><\\\/span>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"\n\n<h1><\\\/h1>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"divider\",\"props\":{\"divider_element\":\"hr\"}},{\"type\":\"headline\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"content\":\"<br \\\/><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/app.sesametime.com\\\/complaint\\\/f21cb048-3c89-4051-b6f6-d197e2579831\\\/company?sesameRegion=EU2\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\"><u>Internal Information Channel<\\\/u><\\\/a>\",\"link\":\"##\",\"margin\":\"small\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\",\"title_element\":\"div\",\"title_style\":\"h5\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"props\":{\"block_align\":\"center\",\"column_breakpoint\":\"m\",\"content\":\"\n\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><span>Means of reporting irregular or illicit conduct to the Foundation.<\\\/span><\\\/p>\",\"margin\":\"default\",\"maxwidth\":\"2xlarge\",\"text_align\":\"center\"}}]}]}]}],\"version\":\"4.5.24\"} --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 Pre-clinical research Learn about the history of the THF research group We promote pre-clinical research to innovate in therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and complex neurobiological processes. \u00a0 \u00a0 Pre-clinical research In our own laboratories and those of the GENN network, we conduct research focused on Alzheimer\u2019s disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemic processes, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7288,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7347","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Investigaci\u00f3n Precl\u00ednica - Fundaci\u00f3n Te\u00f3filo Hernando<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Impulsamos la investigaci\u00f3n precl\u00ednica para innovar en terapias contra enfermedades neurodegenerativas y procesos neurobiol\u00f3gicos complejos.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fth.es\/en\/servicios-de-investigacion\/investigacion-preclinica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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